TMJ & TMD: Jaw Pain and Dysfunction
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) connects your lower jaw to your skull, allowing your jaw to move up, down, and side-to-side. A small disc within the joint cushions movement and protects the bones. When the joint or surrounding muscles don’t function properly, it can lead to temporomandibular disorder (TMD)—a common cause of jaw pain, headaches, and facial discomfort.
Common Causes
- Jaw injuries or trauma
- Teeth grinding or clenching (bruxism)
- Misaligned jaw or displaced disc
- Arthritis in the jaw joint
- Stress and tight facial muscles
- Sleep-related breathing issues (snoring, sleep apnea)
Symptoms
- Jaw pain, soreness, or stiffness
- Limited movement or locking of the jaw
- Clicking, popping, or grinding noises
- Tooth sensitivity without decay
- Headaches and facial pain
- Ear discomfort or ringing